What is the function of a transformer in electrical systems?

The function of a transformer in electrical systems is primarily to change the voltage level of electricity for transmission or use. Transformers are crucial for operating at different voltage levels safely and efficiently. They work on the principle of electromagnetic induction and allow voltage levels to be increased (step-up transformers) or decreased (step-down transformers) according to the needs of the electrical system.

In power distribution, for instance, electricity generated at power plants is typically at a lower voltage. Using step-up transformers, this voltage is increased to high levels for transmission over long distances, minimizing energy loss as heat due to resistance in transmission lines. Once the electricity reaches its destination, step-down transformers reduce the voltage to safer levels for residential or commercial use.

This voltage transformation is essential for the efficient operation of the electrical grid, ensuring that electricity can be transmitted over significant distances while maintaining the necessary safety and reliability standards for consumers.